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Dysmenorrhea / Excessive Menstrual Cramps
Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is the second most common gynecologic complaint, superseded only by premenstrual tension. Dysmenorrhea has been described as a discrete clinical entity, characterized by "labor-like" pains. The morbidity attending this condition is manifested in the voluminous hours lost in the workplace and schools as a result of dysmenorrhea.
There are three types of dysmenorrhea. The first type is primary, characterized by the absence of an organic etiology. This most commonly occurs in adolescence, about 6 to 10 months post-menarcheal. Dysmenorrhea almost invariably is associated with ovulatory cycles. Thus, women taking oral contraceptives rarely experience dysmenorrhea. It is ameliorated in many women by pregnancy due to a decreased excitability of associated nerve fibers. However, some women experience an increase of primary dysmenorrhea after pregnancy, with some women continuing to experience dysmenorrhea throughout most of their reproductive years.
Another type is classified as secondary dysmenorrhea, the pain being secondary to specific pathologies. These include endometriosis (the most common secondary cause and misdiagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea), ovarian cysts, adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibroid polyps, adenomyosis, cervical stenosis, and possibly uterine displacement with fixation.
Membranous dysmenorrhea describes the third and most infrequent type. It is characterized by the passage of
an intact cast of the entire secretory endometrium through a non-dilated cervix.
Prevalence
Investigations by Moos, Coppen, and Kessel have noted moderate or severe dysmenorrhea in 45% of women surveyed. Additional studies have described similar prevalence rates. A survey of 113 patients from a family practice setting revealed the incidence of dysmenorrhea to range from 29% to 44% in any given two-month period. Extrapolations from currently available data indicate that approximately 10% of women of child-bearing age suffer from severe primary dysmenorrhea, rendering them unable to continue their normal work tasks at employment, school, or home. Budoff reports that dysmenorrhea is a major cause of work absence, totaling 140 million work hours annually. One study revealed that 10 to 15% of teenage girls missed one to two days of school each month due to dysmenorrhea.
Suggested Nutritional Supplementation
Mild
- EstroFactors - 3-6 tablets daily. Targeted nutritional support for healthy estrogen metabolism.
Targeted nutritional support for healthy estrogen metabolism.
- Wellness EssentialsTM for Women - 1 packet twice daily.
Daily foundation nutrition with added support for healthy hearts and bones.
Moderate to Severe add
- Fem Premenstral - 2-3 tablets twice daily 7-10 days prior to menses.
Herbal combination designed to work as an anti-spasmatic, smooth muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory.
Contributing Factors
- Impaired Fatty Acid Conversion
- High Fat Diet
- Hypothyroidism
Dietary Suggestions
- Anti-Inflammatory Diet