Acid Reflux - Causes

GERD can often be traced to the malfunctioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is a muscle responsible for opening and closing the lower end of the esophagus, which it accomplishes by relaxing and contracting at appropriate times. The LES may weaken or lose tone, allowing the contents of the stomach to escape back up the esophagus. Any of the following may compromise the LES:

  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Hiatal hernia (a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus normally fits snuggly and passes into the stomach.)
  • Recurrent or persistent vomiting
  • Nasogastric tubes (these are inserted through the nose and into the stomach for a variety of medical reasons)
  • Smoking cigarettes
  • Some medications including calcium channel blockers (a class of meds used for high blood pressure such as amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, and verapamil), anticholinergic drugs
  • (including benztropine, biperiden, dicyclomine, hyoscyamine, isopropamide, and scopolamine), iron pills, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs including aspirin and ibuprofen), potassium, dopamine (for Parkinson's disease), sedatives, bisphosphonates (alendronate and risedronate for osteoporosis), and beta blockers (such as atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, pindolol, and propranolol, for high blood pressure or heart disease.)